Car-lighting



(N0 Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. I. N. LEWIS. GAR LIGHTING.

N0. 516,496. Patented Mar. 13, 1894.

(N0 Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

' I. N. LEWIS. GAR LIGHTIN(% N0. 516496. Patented MM. 1a, 1894.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ISAAO N. LEWIS, OE FORT \VADS\VORTH NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO TIIE LEVIS ET.ECTRIO COMPANY, OF NEW JERSEY.

CAR-LIGHTING.

SPECIFIOATION formiug part of Letters Patent N0. 516,496, daed March 13, 1894.

Application fi1ed September 6, 1893, Seria1No. 484,897. (N0 model.)

T0 aZZ wh0m z'z5 may concern:

Be it known that I, ISAAO N. LEWIS, a chizen 0f alle United States, and a resident of Fort Wadsworth, in the couuty of Richmond and State of New York, have inventeda 0ertain new anal useful Oar-Lighting, 0f which the following is a specification.

My invention relates t0 that dass 0f electrio apparatus wherein ehe e1ectric energy f01 operating 1amps 02 other translating devices is obtained from a dynzuno electric machine driven by a variable speed power and operated. in connection With a. storage battery which is charged from the dynamo and supp1ies the energy f01 operating the translating devices when there is an intermissiou 0f driving power.

Theinvention is designed especially f01 use With clynamos pmeed 011 railway cars and driven by the p0wer whieh propels the cm, for which purpose the said dynamo is usual1y connected in any suitable manner to the ein aXle, but sonne 0f the features of 13116 invention are applieable when the dynamo is driven by a windrnill 01 other natuml f0rce 0f varying power aud speed. I sha1l, however, describe the invention in detail as applied t0 a milway car for furnishing electrieity t0 heat, ligbt or ventilate the same 01 f0r 0the1 purpose.

My invention is designed t0 furnish a simple and effeetive apparacus and consists first in he combination With a working circuit COD- taining lamps 0r other translating devices, of a storage battery, and a self-regulatingdynam0 feeding said battery and translating devices, said dynamo having a field exciting 0011 fed from the battery and an opposing field 0011 in the main cireuit with ehe armature.

Another featme of my invention rel-ates t0 the provision nmde f0r reversal (f the rota tion 0f the armature when the 0211 reverses its direetion 0f trave], '[be object being to prevent reversal 0f the electric current delivered by the self-regulating dynamo. This paro 0f n1y invention involves an automatic p01e changer which is made responsive in any desired way t0 1;he reversal 0f the driving power and is combined with the compensating 01 regulaing circuit 0t the self-regulating dynamo es hereinafter 1n01e particularly described.

My inveutiou consists furbher in details 0f construetion am. combinations 0f parts more particularly specified in the claims at the end 0f this description.

In the accompanying dmwingsz-Figure 1, is a general p1an of the truck and dynamo mounted thereon. Fig. 2, is an end elevation 06 the frietionallyoperated pole changer. Fig. S, is a side elevation of Ehe dynamo detaohed. Fig. 4, is a vertical secbion through the emax1e, dynzuno shaft and truck. Fx'g. 5, is a. diagram illustmting the conneotion 0f the parts of the apparatus.

A, is the cm sil1 01 fi001; B, the bean1 0f lhe cm truck which earries the swingingbolster; O, the equalizing bars of the truck.

D, is the dynamo which supplies the electrical energy f0r operating the lan1ps orother devices 011 Ehe cm and also for charging the battery. The dynamo D, ispreferably mounted in the miu1ner deseribed in a prior application f01: patent filed by me July 15, 1893, Serial N0.480578,11p011 the cross bean1 01 bar E, which is attached t0 the equalizing bavs, o1 it may be mounted direetly upon the truck frame. Tl1e dynzuno is driven by direct connection With the 0a1 axle F, f0r which pnrpose the 1atter may have a gear whee1 se cured to it that gears With a smaller wheel upon the armature shaft, as shown. The proportiou of gears is such as to give the desired armature speed under zwemge speed 0f the OEM. The dynamo itself is preferably one with itsbrushes ab zero ]ead irrespeetive of the (lirection 0f rot-abion of the armature. As Will be seen, under thi s arrangement, 1311e armature rocates sometimes in one direotion and sometimes in another depending upon the direction in which the cm is moving.

The dynamo itse1f is constructed in any proper manner to be self-regnlating in itse1f by a proper winding of its field magnets thereby enabling n1e to dispense With the governor mechanisms orsimilar speed responsive deviees heretofore employed. for adj usting the voltage of the dynamo t0 prevent its rising when the GEH travels at a high rate of speed.

'lhe compensating 01 adjusting coil of the self-regulating; dynamo which is 0f eoarse wire, is indieated at a. This 0011 is made t0 earry a current which inereases With the speed 01: the armature but whichis properxy applied t0 ehe maehine to tend t0 cut down the e1ectromotive force er" the armature a1; such increased speed. The preferred mannerof applying it is as a fie1d magnet coil, asindicated more fully in the diagram.

The main 01 exciting coil 0f the maehine indicated at b, determines the polarity of the field magnets, and is supplied with exciting eleetrical energy from any desired source preferably direct from the storage battery which is charged. by the armature. By this means the fie1d coil b, provides a praetically constant excitation, bm; the coi1 a, operates to cut down the field magnetism developed by b, when the armature speed rises and eauses an increased current to flowin the coil a. The oompensating aetion arises from the fact that as the speed rises so that With the san1e fie1d. magnetism there would be an increased electro-motive force current on the line, the coil a, operates to cut down the field magnetism and to preserve the voltage coustaut.

As it is desirable when the maohine is used as I have deseribed u pon a ear or in other situations where there is variable driving power that the eleotro-motive force of the machine shou1d rise ro the desired point without opposition until the eritical 0r desired speed is reached,l construct the ooilb, or give 111 a sufficient number of turns to not only exoitethe field magnet to saturation but to provide a surplus exciting power whioh is not overcome by the coil a, as the armature begins to rotate but which surplus is practically balanced by the aotion of the coil a, when the desired critical speed 0r eleotro-motive force of armature is reached. Any further inerease of eurrent in coil a, will thereafter tend to operate to cut down the field magnetism so tha any further increase of speed will not result in increasing ehe eleotro-motive force beyond what is desired.

The manner of conneeting the coils and 0ther deviees to be presently deseribed, will be seen more clearly from the diagram t0 wh ieh further reference will be presently made.

T0 prevent reversal of ourrent in the ooil a, when the armature ehanges its direction of rotation by reversal 0f the driving power, I

employ an automatie pole changer of an y de sired description which is responsive to the reverSal of the driving power. Such pole changer may obviously, and as wel1 Understood in the art, be either electrically 01 mechanically 0pe1ated. I prefer, however, t0 use a mechanically operated pole changer which is aotuated byfriction and is mounted direetly on the armature shaft. The frietiona] conneotion is sufiicient; to reverse the position 01" the pole ehangerat the proper -times and hold il: in reversed position.

G, indioates a p01e ehangex for this purpose. That shown consists of a ring o1 support f, from which project inwardly a pair of frietion shoes h, hold by the aetion of springs 2', in contact with the armature shaft d. The frietion shoes h, are properly attached to the .fixed poles of the.pole changer and the pair 5, the otaher pole, as clearly indicated in the drawings. The contacts 3, are insulated fr om one another by suitablo insulation on the frame 01 earrier f, and have flexible 0r other eonneetions withthe two poles of the external eireuit while the fixed contaets 6 and 5, form the opposite terminals of the source of energy which is by the action of the pole changer made t0 flow always in the san1e direetion on the circui eonneeted to .thebontacts 3.

H, isthe eleetro magnetic switch that coutrols the conneetion of the armature with the circuit leading to the battery and the translating devices. The main eircuit leading to the battery and translating devices is indioated by the numerals 9, 10, wl1ile 12, indieates the storage battery and 13, the lamps or other translating devices. The eoil b, of the dynamo is connected to the wires 9, 10 as shown, so that a constant ourrent froin the storage battery will flow therethrough.

The armature of the maehine is indicated ab T, in the diagram, whi1e t, indieates the commutator brushes. One brush eonnects to the contacts 6, and the other to the eontaets 5. Ono 0f the contacts 3,1eads direot t0 the wire or main 10, while the other is connected to the other main througb the coil a, and the contacts 14, 0f the electro-maguetic switoh when said contacts are closed by the action of the magnets.

16, is a switeh lever which carries a stud 01 contact adapted to eomplete the circuit at 14, in obvious manner thereby allowing the eurrent fron1 the armature to flow through coil a, 130 the main 1ine through the coarse wire c0ils 17 0f an electro-magnet, the oflice 0f which is t0 hold the switch lever closed When it has been onee operated t0 close the conneotion 14.

In a braneh independent of the main circuit is a 0011 18, which operates to polarize the switeh in the manner to be presently described and further serves to initially operate the same to cause it no complete oonaection at 14. The brauch in which the coils 18, are included is taken, as shown, fromm one wire 10, to the wire leading 10 the coil a, so thatwhen the machine starts into operation and the pole ehanger makes the connection between the eontaets 3, and contaets 6 and 5 the current from the armature may flow through the po1e changer, the coils a, the coils 18, of the magnet, and back through the p0le ehanger to the armature. Ooil 18, is applied upon the end of lever 16, in the manner to devel0p apole opposite the po1e of the magnet; 17. When,

therefore, tbe current flows in (301118, to suflicient degree to overcome the retractor of the switeh, the arma'ture will be drawn up. The 1nagnet whose coils a1e indioated at 17, will now be energized and by proper winding of the coi1s so as to deve1op a pole the opposite t0 that developed by coils 18, the switoh Will be strongly held in position by the attraction of such opposite poles. Should, however, a1: any tixne, the ourrent froxn the battery 12, flow in roverse direotion through coils 17, to o0i1s a, and arrnature, the po1e of the magnet will be reversed and repe1 the switch so as to open the circuit and proteot the arrnature of the machine. lt will be notioed that the eonneotion of the ooil 18, f1om the 1nain cireuit is taken at a point between the pole ohanger and the storage battery 01 in othe1 words at such point that the ourrent will always flow in the Same direotion through the coil 18, and give the required oonstant; polarity in the polarized switch so that the disolmrge orbaok flow of cu 1- rent; through io from tl1e battery will produoe a positive repnlsive effect 01 effeot in t-he opposite direction to that which 1's required to e1oso the switoh. Hence, should the switch be closed by band or acoidentally when the dynamo is at rest the back flow of ourrent in ooil 17, will immediajtely foroibly repe1 the switch and open ehe circuit. It will be understood that this action is independent of any mere weakening of current which 1night tanke place 011 the main as the armatnre speed slows down, and is also independ nt of any position in which the po1e ohanger may be when the discharge takes p1aoe. 011 the other hand the main ooil being in a portion 0f the cirouit where the disoharge cnrrent may fiow in an opposite direotion to the oharging omrent, t'he reversal of eurrent thexein Will reverse Ehe polarity und oause the repulsion. \Vhen at any time the direotion of rotation of the arxnature is ohanged whioh, as is we1l understood, wou1d change the po1arity of current delivered f101n the armature T, the friotional switoh desoribed will reverse its position so that, although the ourrent; may be delivered in opposite direction fron1 1he annature, it will novertheless flow always in the same direction through tho coil a, Which n1ay, therefore, in the tr:we1 of oho 0m in either direotion operate in proper manner as the compansating eoi1 to keep the eleotro-xnotive force oonstant.

The general operation is, briefly speaking, as follows:-When the car is m 1est the parts may be in the position shown in the diagraxn o1 the pole ohanger may stand in be position in which it; was left when the car came to rest. When the (3&1? begins to 1nove the arxnatnre begins to revoh e in the field produced by the ooils Z), and begins to deliver current through the ooi1 a, and the ooi1 18, the pole ohanger operating as already explained to determine the direotion of the ounents flow. As the speed of the armature rises the vo1tage rapid1y rises, since as already explained, the ourrent in the coi1 a, is not at first suffioient to overcome the snrp1us magnetizing power of the ooil b, and the fie1d rernains ab saturation. \Vhen, however, the armature reaehes a 0ertain speed whieh may, if desired, correspond to a car speed o1 twenty miles an hour, t-he onrrent in the ooils a, and 18, Will have risen (o such an extent that the switch will be operated to olose the oonneotion between oho nmehine und tho external oircnit; 9, 10, and the current now flowing in the ooi1 a, Will be practically the same as the surplus magnetizing cmrent of the 0011 Z). I-Ienee the fie1d magnetism at this critioal speed of twenty miles an honr will be praetically that of saturation subject to being decreased in arn0unt if the current in ooil a, inoreases. Now, if the speed rises beyond twenty miles an honr, it is obvions that with an inoreased armature speed t-he eleotro-motive force of the armature and the current 011 the circuit would riss if the field xnagnotism be1naintained at the Saturated axnounf, buc for the reasons a1ready explained, the current in the ooil a, now becomes snfficient to begin to cut down the fie1d magnetism so that, although there rnay be a greater armature speed, the field magnetism Will be lass and hence the Same electro-motive force Will be developed. The aotion 0f the 0011 a, is, therefore, to preserve the constant eleotroxnotive force of the armatnre at all speeds above tho desired critieal 01 adjusted speed and its p1aotical offect is to absolutely prevent any dangerous inorease in voltago however fast the oar may move. When oho car comes to a stop, it is quite obvious that the ourrent froxn the battery 12, will tend to disoharge itself th1ough the ooil 17, but as before explained the switch being a polarized switch polarized by the action of ooil 18, the switeh will be immediately opened by ehe repu1sive effect. 'lhe aotion of switeh H, is, as will be Seen, 130 olose the cironit when Ehe desired speed has been reaohed in the zumature and said switoh forms a simple elect1ical appliance for the purpose,1preferto employ an eleotrioal device in plaoe of the mechani- 0211 appliances described in my prior application for patent before 1eferred to, sinoe I am enabled to dispense with the use of governor ba1ls and othe1 meohanical expedients.

1Vhile I have desoribed the uso 0f a polo changerwhich is mechanioally 01 frictionally operated, I do not wish to be understood as 1in1iting 1nyself thereto since, as is well understood in the art, other construotions of pole changer not meohanioally operated bot nevertbeless responsive to a reversal in oho direotion of rotation of Elle arxnature 1night be empioyed in its plane. In will be notioed that the switoh oontrolling the oonnections of the armature With the main cironib is mounted to work in a horizontal plane so as to be unaffected by vertical vibrations during running of the oar.

I have described one, mannex of winding the dynzuno e1ectrie machine und conneeting it IOO IIO

to suitable sources of eleetrie energy so that 1. it will be self regulating as deseribed for difitself the eleetrieal elements that will make it deliver a constant electro-motive force for variations 0f speed above a certain determined speed say 0f 'nwenty miles an hour. By the use 0f this kincl of regulating dynamo I am enabled t0 mount the dynamo itself on the ear truck in elose meehanical relation to the car axle and t0 dispense with the use of extraneous regulating meehanisms whieh in this position would be espeeially subject t0 injury.

What I elaim as my invention is l. The coxnbinarion with a working circuit containing lan1ps o1 other translating devices, of a storage battery,and a self-reguiating dynamo feeding said battery and translating deviees, said dynamo having a field exeiting coil fed fro1n the battery and an opposing field eoil in the main circuit with the anmature.

2. Theeombination with a dynamo maehine havingamaincireniteompensating coilwhich tends t0 out down the Held xnagnetism, of a reversible driving power, and a pole ehanger responsive t0 the reversal, and eonnected into the circuit between the armatnre and said main eircuit eoil.

3. The combination With adynamo maehine, of a reversible driving power, a 00m pensating coil eonnected t0 the armature and adapted 10 oppose the rise of electro-motive force from increase of speed, and a pole ehanger between said coil and armature, as and. f0r the purpose described.

4. The combination, substantially as cleseribed, 0f a dynamo, a variable speed driving power, therefor, a storage battery couneeted t0 the armature, a field exeiting eoil eonnected thereto and adapted to furnish. a magnetizing influenee above that neeessary to saturate the field magnet, and an opposing coil for entting dowri the eleetro-motive force of the armature, said opposing and exeiting coils being related as described so that the super-magnetizing power of the excioing coil will be overcome when the armature reaches the desired critical speed beyond whieh the euit of the armature, as and for the purpose deseribed.

6'. The combination, substantially as described, of a dynamo maehine, a variable speed driving power therefor, a storage bat-.

tery, an eleetro-magnetic switeh controlling the conneetion thereof with the dynamo, the compensating coil 0n saicl dynamo in the main circuit with the armature thereof for adjusting the voltage thereof to the ehanges of speed, and a brauch circuit frorn the main cireuit 110 the battery, eontaining a controlling eoil of saicl switeh, as and for the purpose described.

7. The coxnbination, substantially as described, of a dynanno machine having a storage battery, the eornpensating coil in the direet arrnature cireuit, and an electro magnetic switeh controlling the conneetion of the a1- mature with the battery, said switch haVing two eoils one in the brauch 0f the main and the other in the main cireuit elosed by the switeh, as and for the purpose described.

8. The combination with a working eirenit Containing lamps or other translating deviees, of a st'0rage battery, and a self-regulating dynamo feeding said battery and translating deviees, said dynamo having a field exciting eoil fed from any desired source and an opposing field coil in the main eireuit with the armature.

9. The combination, substantially as de scribed, on a railway car, of a dynamo eleetrie maehine mounted 0n the car truck and driven from the axle, a storage battery couneeted aeross the supply wires leading from the armature, a field 6xciting eoil, and a compensating opposing field coil in the circuit 0f the armature, as and for the purpose deseribed.

10. The combination, substantially as de- IOO seribed, on a railway ear, of a dynamo elec- 1 trie maehine monnted on the ear truek and wonnd with opposing eoils to be self-regulating, as deseribed, for differences of speed, means for driving the armature of the dynamo from the car axle and a storage battery connected aeross the supply wires leading from the dynamo.

11. In an apparatus for prodneing a eonstaut supply of electricity fron1 a driving power of variable speed, the cornbination, substanially as deseribed, of a dynamo eleetrie maehine cornpound wound with opposing helices to be self-regulating as sei: forth f01 differences 0f speed of said driving power, and a storage battery conneeted t0 the supply wireS leading from said dynarno and in shunt to the translating devices that have the constant snpply.

Signed ab New York, in the county of New York and State 0f New York, this 5th day of September, A. D. 1893.

ISAAO N. LEWIS.

Witnesses:

IIO 

